How To Write HIV Term Papers

Term papers or research papers written on the topic of HIV are written in APA, MLA and Harvard styles. Books and journals are the best way to get guidance for the above subject, whereas internet based articles are also a good way to increase owns knowledge but should be used at the minimum.
HIV is a newly characterized human retrovirus transmitted only by direct contact to blood, certain acts of sexual intercourse, or transfer from infected mother to fetus or infant.

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There are two major types of the virus: HIV-1 is accountable for the international plague of Aids; HIV-2, which can also cause Aids, is spreading rapidly in Asian countries such as India.
HIV causes a chronic, progressive immunologic deficiency disorder called HIV disease (Volberding, 1989). HIV disease is manifest in a spectrum of conditions with highly variable expression, but with a general consistency of pattern and features. This most advanced phase of HIV disease is called AIDS. HIV has become a dangerous cause for premature death among both male and female teenagers and young adults in the United States.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Initially named HTLV-III in this country and Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus (LAY) in France the virus acquired its current name as a consequence of a worldwide conference agreement in 1985. HIV, like other retroviruses, includes hereditary substance consisted of ribonucleic acid (RNA); to insert itself in the chromosomes of human host cells (a required step in its life cycle), HIV retroviral RNA must be transformed into DNA by a single enzyme called reverse transcriptase. The etiologic involvement of HIV with the disease that now carries its name, and therefore with AIDS, is well established. Controversy persists about the effectiveness of HIV in impairing or destroying immunologically capable cells in humans, and, therefore, about whether HIV is sufficient by itself to cause AIDS; some investigators have planned the survival of a variety of different microbiologic co-factors that might potentiate or augment the effect of HIV. There is, however, no further question that HIV is necessary to cause HIV disease and AIDS; only people who have HIV develop the clinical and immunologic syndromes of HIV disease.

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HIV-1 and HIV-2
There are at least two, and possibly more than two, variations of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the cause of almost all HIV viruses in the U.S. and in most other countries; HIV-2 causes HIV disease in many nations in West Africa, but is rare elsewhere. Most clinical, virologic and epidemiologic data collected about HIV disease thus far concern HIV-1, but evidence strongly suggests that HIV-2 is transmitted in the same ways as HIV-1 (O'Brien, 1987) and that it causes immunodeficiency through more or less the same mechanisms, as does HIV-1. Although the manifestations of HIV-2 disease are similar to those produced by HIV-1, the natural history of HIV-2 disease is less well understood; both clinical impressions and research in West Africa suggest that HIV-2 disease progresses at a slower pace than does HIV-1 disease. HIV-2 disease is exceedingly rare in the United States; by the end of 1991, fewer than 20 cases had been recognized (O'Brien et al., 1987), and only one blood donor with HIV-2 had been detected by serologic surveillance through blood banks.

Epidemiology Of HIV Disease
The basic mechanisms and underlying processes of transmission of HIV-1 (and, probably, HIV-2) are the same in all cultures and countries, but the patterns observed in the epidemiology of HIV disease are different to various extents in diverse parts of the world.

References
O'Brien, K.J. (1987). Will the nation's health insurers survive the AIDS epidemic? The Internist, 28(4), 14.
Volberding, P.A. (1989). Supporting the health care team in caring for patients with AIDS. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261, 5.

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Useful Links
a. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV
b. www.i-part.info/s-hiv.html

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