How To Write Culture Term Papers

There is a variety of topics in the culture topic zone. One can get data on culture and cultural environment from libraries, journals, books, articles and internet.
There are many complex words in the English language, culture being one of the most complex. Artists refine it, biologists grow it, and countries are described by it. Lonner (1984) noted, “The culture concept has been scrutinized, stabbed at, pressed, turned over, executed, invigorated, and reified ad infinitum” (p. 108). Chao (2000) declared that although the significant conceptualization of culture has often been at higher levels of analysis (most frequently at the nation level); psychological understanding of culture is advanced when it is also conceptualized at lower levels of analysis (i.e., groups and individuals).

Many different and very unique cultures have been part of the universe from the beginning of time. Over the centuries, people have moved from one country to another where their own cultures have blended with other cultures.
In cases of migration, new cultures have been created, while immigrants have handled to preserve many of the customs, ethics, and morals of their home countries.
As a result of many innovations over the past fifty years the world has become more globalized. What one country or culture does often affect or influences another.

There are many different kinds of culture, namely:

• World cultures
• Religious cultures
• Pop culture
• Organization culture

In evident opposition to the universal level of societal alteration and its resultant difficulties and dynamics in communal arrangements, conventional scholastic psychologists have worked and continue to work on the premise that cultural differences can be conceptualized in terms of civilizing dichotomies. Typically, these dichotomies have been formulated as contrasts between Western and non-Western cultures or selves.
For Dumont (1985), the Western conception of self is characterized by individualism (i.e., the individual is of paramount value), and the non-Western conception by wholism (i.e., society as a whole is a paramount value). Writers described the Western self as egocentric and the self of other cultures (e.g., people from India) as sociocentric. Marsella (1985) distinguished a Western self that is characterized by “independence, autonomy, and differentiation” (p. 290) and a non-Western self that is “extended to include a wide variety of significant others” (p. 290). Many others described American culture in terms of primary control, that is, individuals enhance their rewards by influencing existing realities and Japanese culture in terms of secondary control, that is, individuals enhance their rewards by adapting to existing realities. Authors contrasted Western culture, in which the single person is the basic unit, to non-Western cultures, in which culture and social identity constructs share a common foundation, although the two are not the same. Both are based on identities that can describe a group of people. However, social identity theory is often based on a minimal group paradigm that is not value-focused, thus distinguishing it from cultural identity.
New ways of conceptualizing culture are needed as more cultures interact. Many organizations are increasing the diversity of their populations. Across the globe, political, economic, and health issues force many openings for people to interrelate with others who are different from themselves—technological advances in travel and communication facilitate these interactions.

Term papers as well as research papers on culture can be written in APA, Chicago/Turabian or MLA writing styles

e.g.

MLA
                                      Author’s Surname   1   
[Author’s Name]
[Professor’s Name]
[Course Title]
[Date]

APA
Culture    1
Running Head: CULTURE

[Name of the Writer]
[Name of the Institution]

References:

• Chao, G. T. (2000). Multilevel issues and culture: An integrative view. In K. J. Klein & S. W. J. Kozlowski (Eds.) Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations: Foundations, extensions, and new directions (pp. 308–348). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Dumont, L. (1985). A modified view of our origins: The Christian beginnings of modern individualism. In M. Carrithers, S. Collins, & S. Lukes (Eds.), The category of the person (pp. 93–122). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
• Lonner, W. J. (1984). Differing views on “culture.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 15, 107-109.
• Marsella, A. (1985). Culture, self, and mental disorder. In A. Marsella, G. DeVos, & F. Hsu (Eds.), Culture and self: Asian and Western perspectives (pp. 281–308). New York: Tavistock.
• Sampson, E. E. (1988). The debate on individualism: Indigenous psychologies of the individual and their role in personal and societal functioning. American Psychologist, 43, 15-22.

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Useful Links:
a. www.markdroberts.com/htmfiles/resources/culturalimpact.htm
b. http://members.aol.com/bowermanb/culture.html
c. http://www.culturebriefings.com/
d. http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR9768.aspx ( Religious Cultures of the World )
e. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_culture
f. http://www.managementhelp.org/org_thry/culture/culture.htm
g. www.health.qld.gov.au/assi/defining/impact.asp
h. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa ( Africa: Culture, History and Politics )

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